Soham Town Rangers were formed in 1947 following a merger between Soham Rangers (Founded 1919) and Soham Town (Founded 1920). The Julius Martin Lane ground, which at the time was the home of Soham Town, was purchased in 1952 and remains the club’s home today.

The newly formed club began life in the Cambridgeshire League, running both a First Team and a Reserve side, before transferring to the Peterborough and District League in 1956. Soham won the League title in 1960 and 1962, and lifted the League Challenge Cup in 1958.

In 1963, the club joined the Eastern Counties League, competing in the Premier Division until 1989, when they were relegated to the newly formed Division One, gaining promotion back to the Premier Division in 1993 as League runners up.

During this period, significant ground development took place. The social club was built in 1968, followed by new dressing rooms in 1979, along with a grandstand extension. A lounge bar extension was added in 1981. Floodlights were erected in 1983 and inaugurated by a visit from an Arsenal XI in front of 1,200 spectators. A new grandstand replaced the original wooden structure at the start of the 1990s.

Soham enjoyed notable success in the Cambridgeshire Invitation Cup during the 1990s, winning the trophy on three separate occasions, including for the first time in their history, in 1991 defeating March Town United, followed by victories in 1998 against Wisbech Town and in 1999 against Newmarket Town. The Greens also became the first winners of the Eastern Counties Millennium League Cup, defeating Diss Town on penalties in the 2001 final.

The 2007–08 season was the most successful in the club’s history to date, with Soham winning the Eastern Counties Premier Division. A 4–0 victory over second placed Needham Market on the final day, in front of 680 spectators at Julius Martin Lane, secured the title and promotion to the Southern League for the first time in their history.

In their first three Southern League seasons, Soham finished 15th, 11th and 17th. At the end of the 2010–11 campaign, Ian Benjamin, who had spent six seasons at the club and managed the 2008 title winning side, stepped down as First Team Manager.

Soham transferred to the Isthmian League Division One North for the 2011–12 season, with former striker Andrew Furnell returning as Player Manager. With the team struggling near the foot of the table, Furnell was replaced in March by former Histon managers Steve Fallon and Ian Hart, and the club finished fourth from bottom.
It was, however, a successful season for the club’s other sides: the Reserves earned promotion back to the Cambridgeshire League Premier Division after finishing runners up in Senior A, and the Under 18s reached the First Round of the FA Youth Cup, losing to Charlton Athletic in front of over 500 spectators at the Lane.

The 2012–13 season saw Soham achieve their highest ever league finish, seventh in the Isthmian League North Division, five points outside the play offs.
In 2014, Soham won the Cambridgeshire Invitation Cup for the fifth time, beating CRC 6–1 at the Abbey Stadium, while the 2014–15 season saw the club win the Isthmian League Respect Award for the second consecutive year, having completed the season without collecting any disciplinary points. The club was commended in the FA’s end of season Respect and Fair Play Awards.

After a difficult start to the 2015–16 campaign, Steve Fallon stepped down in October and was replaced by senior players Robbie Nightingale and David Theobald, who guided the Greens to seventeenth place before departing for Cambridge City in December 2016. Rob Mason was appointed Player Manager and, after a challenging start, finished the season with a seven game unbeaten run. Soham secured their league survival on the final day with a dramatic 4–3 home win against Maldon & Tiptree, scoring twice in the final five minutes.

The following seasons brought finishes of thirteenth and sixteenth, while the 2020 and 2021 campaigns were both curtailed due to the Covid 19 pandemic.

In 2021–22, Soham were transferred into the Northern Premier League Midlands Division, becoming the first club to compete in all three sections of the Trident Leagues. After a difficult season, Matt Clements and Lloyd Groves replaced Rob Mason in December, but the Greens were unable to retain their Step Four status and were relegated back to the Eastern Counties League for 2022–23.

Clements left in October, leaving Groves in sole charge, and Soham finished fifteenth. Brett Whaley replaced Groves ahead of the 2023–24 campaign but resigned in October. Alex Cross was appointed and remained for a year before departing, with former professional goalkeeper Lance Key taking over in November 2024. The side finished tenth.
The 2024–25 season saw the Under 23s win the Thurlow Nunn Under 23 North title, while the newly formed Ladies’ team, competing for the first time in the club’s history, earned promotion to the First Division of the Cambridgeshire Women’s League after finishing second in their division.

In 2025–26, Key’s first full season in charge, the First Team finished fourth but suffered play off final defeat on sudden death penalties at home to Fakenham Town. The Greens also narrowly lost 1–0 to Cambridge City in the Cambridgeshire Invitation Cup final and reached the semi finals of the League Cup.